• br Dienogest DNG Dienogest is a nortestosterone derivative w

  2020-08-08

  

  Dienogest (DNG) Dienogest is a 19-nortestosterone derivative with two special structural changes [Fig. 1a]: [a] At the cabon-17 position there is a cyanomethyl group instead of an ethinyl group; [b] A double bond is present between carbons 9 and 10. DNG is the only progestogen that combines prope

• In the brain E can modulate the mitogen activated protein

  2020-08-08

  

  In the brain, E2 can modulate the mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MAPK/ERK) pathway, which is involved in the formation of different memory types (Atkins et al., 1998, Blum et al., 1999, Schafe et al., 2000). When the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway is activated,

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion RHA P

  2020-08-08

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion RHA-P is a bacterial α-l-rhamnosidase recently isolated from the microorganism Novosphingobium sp. PP1Y [35]. This enzyme is an inverting glycosidase, belonging to the GH106 family, for which an initial biochemical characterization has highlighted an

• Despite advances in our understanding of the overall

  2020-08-07

  

  Despite advances in our understanding of the overall topology of the RING-E2~Ub complex (Dou et al., 2012, Dou et al., 2013, Plechanovova et al., 2012), and the importance of reducing conformational freedom for catalysis (Berndsen et al., 2013), a detailed mechanistic understanding of ubiquitin tra

• The first example of a broadly

  2020-08-07

  

  The first example of a broadly-acting antiviral drug is ribavirin, a nucleoside analogue that was proposed to act directly at the level of the viral polymerase, although an indirect effect via inhibition of the host-cell IMP dehydrogenase and depletion of the GTP pool seems more plausible [9]. Anoth

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We thank M C Nussenzweig

  2020-08-06

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We thank M.C. Nussenzweig (The Rockefeller University) for B1-8hi mice, G.D. Victora (The Rockefeller University) and A. Kallies (University of Melbourne) for gene sets for the gene set enrichment analysis, K. Fukuhara (RIKEN) for help in performing digital RNA-seq

• Several independent investigators have documented disturbanc

  2020-08-06

  

  Several independent investigators have documented disturbances in central NErgic systems and early involvement of the LC in PD (Dickson et al., 2009, German et al., 1992, Marien et al., 2004, Schapira et al., 2006). Experimental lesions of the LC have also been shown to exacerbate PD pathology and b

• A more complete understanding of the DDR

  2020-08-06

  

  A more complete understanding of the DDR1 signaling pathway is complicated by: (i) shedding of the extracellular domain; (ii) by alternative splicing of the DDR1 gene leading to at least 5 distinct isoforms [1], [2], [39]. The DDR1c isoform is the longest, while DDR1b lacks six gssg in the kinase re

• In recent years biochemical genetic and pharmacological evid

  2020-08-06

  

  In recent years biochemical, genetic, and pharmacological evidence has accumulated showing that both established and emerging functions of CDKs also contribute to the process of inflammation (Figure 1B, lower right panel). This occurs not only in proliferating LY2603618 but also in terminally differ

• br Results and discussion The compounds listed in

  2020-08-06

  

  Results and discussion The compounds listed in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 were tested for their binding affinity to the human CRF1 Tamoxifen and antagonist activity in a CRF-stimulated adenylate cyclase assay. One of the leading compounds with higher receptor binding and antagonist activity was th

• Microglia represent approximately of all glia found in the

  2020-08-05

  

  Microglia represent approximately 5–10% of all glia found in the brain. Various proteases have been detected in the conditioned medium from microglial cell cultures including the metalloproteinase for Aβ40 degradation [34], the cysteine protease cathepsin B for neurodegeneration in the central nervo

• Collectively the results presented here provide

  2020-08-05

  

  Collectively, the results presented here provide new insights into ligand binding, clustering, spatial distribution, and phosphorylation of DDR1b and DDR2 in response to soluble collagen I. As depicted in the cartoon of Scheme 1, we postulate a model in which the spatial distribution and assembly of

• In addition to musculoskeletal hyperalgesia we observed that

  2020-08-05

  

  In addition to musculoskeletal hyperalgesia, we observed that swim stress induced a simultaneous antinociception in the tail flick assay consistent with previous studies of thermal nociception measured using either the tail flick (Grisel et al., 1993) or hot plate assays (Marek et al., 1993; Mogil e

• ApoBrdU DNA Fragmentation Assay Kit Alternative splicing is

  2020-08-05

  

  Alternative splicing is a critical part of regulating gene expression; over 90% of the human transcriptome is alternatively spliced [4]. Identifying the role of alternative splicing in the function of multiple biological and disease processes has driven many research initiatives in recent years [5].

• Soon after the discovery of

  2020-08-05

  

  Soon after the discovery of ET1 and the cloning of its ETA and ETB receptors, low-molecular-weight compounds were identified that can prevent the binding and effects of radioactively labeled ET1 3, 5, 6, 8. Initially, these ERAs resulted from screening efforts (e.g. BQ123 39, 49 and bosentan [50]).

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