• br Acknowledgements This study was

  2022-01-06

  

  Acknowledgements This study was supported by National Institutes of Health grant (R01GM104037), VA grant (BX002741), and Rutgers Busch grant. Nuclear receptor FXR is the master regulator of bile acids homeostasis The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) belongs to a family of proteins known as nuclear

• Tetrazole is one of the most commonly used bioisosteres

  2022-01-06

  

  1-Tetrazole is one of the most commonly used bioisosteres for carboxylic acids arising from their similarity in pKa (ca. 4.5–4.9 vs 4.2–4.4, respectively)., Metabolically, tetrazoles may exhibit an advantage over carboxylic acids because they form -glucuronides which are not as chemically reactive a

• Recently the toxicity of TBT was demonstrated at

  2022-01-06

  

  Recently, the toxicity of TBT was demonstrated at the vascular level in animal models (Nath, 2008), and the results obtained so far suggest that TBT may be a potential risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. TBT is capable to alter the coronary vascular reactivity to estradiol (dos Santos et al., 2

• It was then found that TAZ a YAP holomog

  2022-01-06

  

  It was then found that TAZ, a YAP holomog, binds heteromeric SMAD2/3–4 complexes in a TGF-ß-dependent fashion, and is recruited to TGFβ response elements (Varelas et al., 2008). Knockdown experiments identified TAZ as critical for nuclear accumulation of SMAD2/3/4 complexes in response to TGF-ß, and

• br Hippo pathway signalling The Hippo pathway is

  2022-01-06

  

  Hippo pathway signalling The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signal transduction pathway regulated by cell-cell contact, cell polarity, mechanical cues, ligands of G-protein coupled receptors, and cellular fiin status [10]. This pathway is linked to development, cell proliferation, c

• br For some time it was known

  2022-01-05

  

  For some time, it was known that membrane-bound guanylate cyclases (GCs) of photoreceptor Cinacalcet HCl in the retina respond to changes in the [Ca]. Lolley and Racz observed that synthesis of cyclic GMP (cGMP) was stimulated at only low [Ca], concluding that Ca has an inhibitory effect on the re

• br Conclusion Interactions between neurons and astrocytes de

  2022-01-05

  

  Conclusion Interactions between neurons and astrocytes depend on the spatial configuration of their contacts. Therefore, changes of astrocyte morphology may impact various physiological mechanisms ranging from glutamate uptake and potassium homeostasis to modulation of synaptic transmission and p

• Research of Kojima et al DeJarnette et al and Saldarriaga

  2022-01-05

  

  Research of Kojima et al. (2000); DeJarnette et al. (2001), and Saldarriaga et al. (2007) inferred that synchronization of NFWE is related to ovulation response after GnRH-1. In the research of Saldarriaga et al. (2007) with Bos indicus-influenced beef cows, ovulation rate was 40% and estrous synchr

• In teleosts GR is expressed

  2022-01-05

  

  In teleosts, GR is expressed in almost every cell and regulates genes controlling development, metabolism, and immune response [17,18]. Several teleosts contain two GR genes, GR1 and GR2 [8]. Other groups have found only one GR in some species thus far, such as the Japanese flounder, brown trout, an

• Our initial lead optimization started with the modification

  2022-01-05

  

  Our initial lead optimization started with the modification of the indole head group as summarized in . Extensive exploration indicated that there was limited tolerance of structural change in this region of the molecule. All of the modifications to the indole moiety, including N-substitution (), li

• br Genetic manipulation variation of the ghrelin

  2022-01-05

  

  Genetic manipulation/variation of the ghrelin system and alcohol-related outcomes Genetic manipulation of the ghrelin system (either the peptide or the receptor gene) via knockout rodent models has provided further insight into the role of this system in alcohol seeking and consummatory behaviors

• Interestingly GAL has also been shown to be co

  2022-01-05

  

  Interestingly, GAL has also been shown to be co-expressed and/or secreted in luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) (Merchenthaler et al., 1991, Marks et al., 1994) and kisspeptin (KISS) neurons (Porteous et al., 2011). Furthermore, GAL was shown to stimulate luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion

• In summary this study demonstrated the cDNA cloning and

  2022-01-05

  

  In summary, this study demonstrated the cDNA cloning and characterization of the galanin type II receptor (GalR2) and a novel GalR2-like receptor (GalR2-L) in chickens, in which these two receptors are possibly originated from a gene nutlin event that occurred in the early vertebrate lineage. Resul

• The orientation of the immobilized enzyme may affect its

  2022-01-05

  

  The orientation of the immobilized enzyme may affect its activity and stability and therefore the final biocatalyst performance. Since proteins present areas more prone to unfolding in their surface or near to it [36], the immobilization through these areas may improve the final biocatalyst stabilit

• The effect of on the conformational of

  2022-01-05

  

  The effect of on the conformational of G-quadruplexes was investigated with circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. In the absence of , the CD spectra of parallel G-quadruplex exhibited a characteristic positive peak at about 265 nm, and a negative peak at about 240 nm; antiparallel G-quadruplex showe

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