• In conclusion we demonstrated that extrasynaptic

  2022-04-14

  

  In conclusion, we demonstrated that extrasynaptic glutamate could in situ affect the AA metabolism via brain CYPs. CYP1B1 and CYP2U1 genes in the astrocytes are the downstream genes of CREB, and the up-regulation of CYP1B1 and CYP2U1 expression by glutamate was due to the increases in phosphorylated

• GPR can signal through not only IP

  2022-04-14

  

  GPR40 can signal through not only IP3 but also cAMP depending upon the type of agonist ligand used. A full agonist engages both signaling mechanisms in contrast to the endogenous long-chain fatty PF-03084014 (LCFA) ligands and partial agonists. Thus, stimulation of GPR40 by endogenous LCFAs or by th

• br Disclosure br Ghrelin System The existence of the ghrelin

  2022-04-14

  

  Disclosure Ghrelin System The existence of the ghrelin system has been demonstrated in many species through a variety of biochemical, anatomical, and genetic studies. It is a complex and intricate regulatory system comprised of several peptides, including mature ghrelin and its derivative des-

• Liver is the house for

  2022-04-13

  

  Liver is the house for a variety of xenobiotic-metabolizing Pseudo-UTP that produce reactive oxygen species as well as reactive metabolites (Johansson et al., 2009; Noh et al., 2017; Puntarulo and Cederbaum, 1998). When the enzymes act upon pre- or pro-haptens, the chemicals would be activated to r

• To understand the impact of alterations in brain

  2022-04-13

  

  To understand the impact of alterations in gemsa synthesis zinc homeostasis, the role of Zn2+ as a neurotransmitter has to be appreciated. Certain regions of the brain including the neocortex and hippocampus harbour so-called “zincergic” (or “gluzinergic”) neurons, where Zn2+ is co-released with gl

• Despite their undisputed importance however FPR receptors ar

  2022-04-13

  

  Despite their undisputed importance, however, FPR receptors are not in the limelight of GPCR-related research (for review [12] and references therein). We, therefore, draw attention to this GPCR receptor family, in order to re-initiate FPR-related research, particularly in the light of biased agonis

• Introduction High mobility group box HMGB is

  2022-04-13

  

  Introduction High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein that plays a fundamental role in the regulation of DNA-associated events such as DNA repair, transcription, and replication. HMGB1 can be translocated to the cytosol, plasma membrane, and extracellular space in response to various

• Our observation that glioblastoma tumor cells express ETA

  2022-04-13

  

  Our observation that glioblastoma tumor cells express ETA-R in 6/10 cases contrasts with a recent publication reporting ETB-R expression in these tumors [17]. The reason for the discrepancy between that report and the present study might be due to the fact that glioblastomas with oligodendroglial co

• br Acknowledgments We thank Prof Alexander D Johnson

  2022-04-13

  

  Acknowledgments We thank Prof. Alexander D. Johnson and Suzanne M. Noble for kindly providing SN strains. This work was supported by Chinese National Natural Science Foundation Grants 31370105 and 31300057, and Shanghai STCSM Grant 12JC1409300. Introduction Organisms modulate gene expression

• While considering the molecular pathogenesis of an MPNST the

  2022-04-13

  

  While considering the molecular pathogenesis of an MPNST, the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, mTOR/AKT, p53, and PTEN pathways associated with tumor growth have been described (McCubrey et al., 2012). The involvement of receptor tyrosine kinases such as EGFR and TAM receptor families, and its associated molecular

• br Introduction Marijuana remains the most

  2022-04-12

  

  Introduction Marijuana remains the most widely used illegal drug (Murray et al., 2007), and its validated targets include plasma membrane cannabinoid receptors, many of which are found in the central nervous system. The diverse physiological effects produced by marijuana and cannabinoid ligands s

• Recently a G protein coupled receptor

  2022-04-12

  

  Recently, a G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR109a, was identified as a molecular target for niacin. Mechanistic studies have suggested that the benefits of niacin therapy may result from the activation of GPR109a located on adipocytes. Recent experiments have shown that niacin activation of GPR109a re

• Finally we investigated if calpain truncation affects GlyT t

  2022-04-12

  

  Finally, we investigated if calpain truncation affects GlyT1 turnover and trafficking. To simulate calpain cleavage at the T602/T603 and G626/S627 sites we constructed GlyT1 transporters missing the last 12 and 36 amino acids. Since the 36 amino fura 2 am receptor truncation also removes all C-term

• Neurotransmitter transporters are rapidly recycled

  2022-04-12

  

  Neurotransmitter transporters are rapidly recycled from and to the membrane. For instance, the GABA transporter GAT1 is recycled in a calcium and depolarization dependent manner. GAT1 located in the plasma membrane is internalized to a subpopulation of small vesicles different from the classical neu

• br Investigations br Genetics GLUT is a

  2022-04-12

  

  Investigations Genetics GLUT1 is a membrane-bound glycoprotein that provides base-rate glucose transport across blood-tissue barriers. It is constituitively expressed in erythrocytes, RF 9 microvessels and astroglia. The gene exclusively associated with GLUT1 is SLC2A1, located on chromosome

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