• Macroautophagy hereafter referred to as autophagy depends on

  2022-05-26

  

  Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) depends on an intracellular lysosome-dependent degradation system that maintains cellular metabolism and homeostasis [11]. Genes involved in these processes are termed autophagy-related genes (ATGs), which regulate autophagosome formation and compl

• Phosphorylation of the p Rel A

  2022-05-26

  

  Phosphorylation of the p50-Rel A dimer, the most common form of NF-κB, leads to ubiquitination of IκB proteins (Fig. 2). Poly-ubiquitination of IκB proteins identifies them for rapid degradation by 26S proteasomes, thereby allowing NF-κB dimers to undergo nuclear translocation and activate the trans

• In cardiomyocytes mechanical stress builds up

  2022-05-26

  

  In cardiomyocytes mechanical stress builds up via FAs and the related costamere structures, and excessive stress can cause cardiac hypertrophy. Cardoso et al. (2016) report a comprehensive study that demonstrates the link between stress-induced FAK activation and a FAK-mediated initiation of a trans

• The third group also included

  2022-05-26

  

  The third group also included samples belonging to subjects with undetectable viraemia, for which the negative or persistence of the indeterminate WB result in subsequent samples indicated a non-HIV infection. In this subgroup, the VITROS HIV Combo test (as well as the other two tests) was negative

• br Discussion Our results showed that the

  2022-05-26

  

  Discussion Our results showed that the histamine H1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonists, pyrilamine and cetirizine, attenuated not only NMDAR-mediated synaptic current but also LTP in Shaffer collateral-CA1 pyramidal neuron synapses. The H1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist-induced attenuation

• Consideration must be given to both the tissues themselves a

  2022-05-25

  

  Consideration must be given to both the tissues themselves and to infiltrating immune cells. As highlighted by Maxwell and Eckardt [88], clinical trials of compounds targeting these pathways will require large numbers of participants and prolonged follow-up to identify rare and late complications or

• The biological function of NPRA is demonstrated primarily th

  2022-05-25

  

  The biological function of NPRA is demonstrated primarily through the ANP/BNP-dependent GC catalytic activity of the receptor and the production of cGMP, which is regulated by several factors, including hormones, growth factors, physiological milieu, and the ligand itself [26,34,[36], [37], [38], [3

• As GSH cellular redox status is critical for various

  2022-05-25

  

  As GSH cellular redox status is critical for various biological phenomena including apoptosis and inflammation [34], [35] we hypothesized that inflammation could modulate GSTP1-1 gene expression. Indeed, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are released at inflammation sites and can be eliminated from how

• Hypoxia has been shown to affect miR expression

  2022-05-25

  

  Hypoxia has been shown to affect miR-155 expression that can induce autophagy in nasopharyngeal and cervical carcinoma cells [334]. Suppression of miR-155 inhibited hypoxia-induced autophagy. miR-155 targeted mRNAs involved in the PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTORC1 pathway including: Ras homolog enriched in Latru

• fk506 In three groups independently proposed two

  2022-05-25

  

  In 2001, three groups independently proposed two different mechanisms for the catalytic reaction of GlxI [5], [6], [7]. Richter and Krauss (RK) used HF/4–31G calculations of the active site, coupled with a frozen effective fragment potential description [8], [9] of eleven residues in the binding sit

• GlyRs are members of the superfamily

  2022-05-25

  

  GlyRs are members of the superfamily of Cys-loop receptors (CLRs) [3]. They form postsynaptic pentameric receptor complexes of α1 and β subunits anchored via the scaffolding protein gephyrin [4]. GlyRs are composed of several domains with the large N-terminal extracellular domain (ECD) important for

• ambroxol hydrochloride br Functional organization of postsyn

  2022-05-25

  

  Functional organization of postsynaptic glutamate receptors Downstream effects of glutamate receptor positioning Mechanisms underlying the subsynaptic positioning of glutamate receptors Conclusions and future prospects The molecular organization of synapses is undoubtedly a critical dete

• Glial cells have emerged as important protagonists of the ce

  2022-05-25

  

  Glial cells have emerged as important protagonists of the central nervous system (CNS) physiology (Chen and Swanson, 2003; Kettenmann and Verkhratsky, 2008; Parpura and Verkhratsky, 2012). As widely described in the literature, astrocytes regulate glutamatergic synapses by clearance of glutamate in

• Active compounds and were further tested and EC and pEC

  2022-05-25

  

  Active compounds , , and were further tested and EC and pEC values were determined as shown in . Compound showed EC of 0.97μM (pEC 6.01) with 84.5% maximal response, which suggests that introduction of alkyl chain on aromatic nucleus of , resulted in improved GPR40 agonistic activity than that of (E

• br Materials and methods br Results Aberrant

  2022-05-25

  

  Materials and methods Results Aberrant Aβ has been suggested to be an initiating factor for glutamate excitotoxicity in AD pathology. To investigate whether Aβ1-42 alters glutamate uptake in astrocytes, neurons, and astrocyte-neuron co-cultures, we used synthetic Aβ1-42 peptide. Aβ1-42 has fas

16026 records 451/1069 page Previous Next First page 上5页 451452453454455 下5页 Last page